14 CFR AND PUBLICATIONS
Updated: Dec 8, 2020
14 CFR and Publications Lesson by wifiCFI
14 CFR
CFR is the “Code of Federal Regulations.”
This large book of codes contains the rules and regulations for all different aspects of United States Law.
Section 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations deals with aviation and air travel.
There are many different chapters of section 14. They include things such as:
In-flight rules for pilots
Airspace
Aircraft Maintenance
Airport Operations
Accidents and more
FAR/AIM
The chapters of 14CFR that relate to pilots are found in a book called the FAR/AIM.
FAR = Federal Aviation Regulations
AIM = Aeronautical Information Manual
Sections of the FAR:
Section 1.1
General Definitions
Section 1.2
Abbreviations and Symbols
Part 61
Deals with Certification of Pilots and Flight Instructors.
Contains the requirements that need to be met in order to obtain a certain license or certification.
Part 91
Deals with general operating and flight rules required of all pilots and aircraft.
Part 119
Deals with requirements for Commercial Operators.
Part 121
Deals with requirements for Commercial Operators in the Airline Space.
Part 135
Deals with requirements for Commercial Operators in the Charter Space.
Part 141
Deals with requirements for Flight Schools with FAA Approval.
Sections of the Part 61
Subpart A
General Requirements
This subpart covers everything from appropriate definitions and abbreviations to privileges, certificate durations, and knowledge and practical tests.
Subpart B
Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations
Subpart C
Rules, regulations, and certifying Student Pilots.
Subpart D
Certifying Recreational Pilots.
Subpart E
Certifying Private Pilots
Subpart F
Certifying Commercial Pilots.
Subpart G
Certifying Airline Transport Pilots.
Subpart H
Certifying Flight Instructors.
Sections of the Part 91
Subpart A
General including dropping objects, alcohol, and portable electronic devices.
Subpart B
Flight Rules including:
General
Visual Flight Rules
Instrument Flight Rules
Subpart C
Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements
Subpart D
Special Flight Operations
Subpart E
Maintenance and Preventative Maintenance
FAR Method of Revision
A black bar beside text in the FARs indicates revisions from the previous edition.
Sections of the Aeronautical Information Manual Air Navigation
Navigation aids
Area Navigation (RNAV)
Aeronautical Lighting and Airport Visual Aids
Airport lighting aids
Air navigation and obstuction lighting
Airport marking aids and signs
Airspace
General
Controlled airspace
Class G airspace
Special use airspace
Other airspace areas
Air Traffic Control
Services available to pilots
Radio communications phraseology and techniques
Airport Operations
ATC clearances and aircraft separation
Surveillance systems
RVSM
Gulf of Mexico
Air Traffic Procedures
Preflight
Departure procedures
En-route procedures
Arrival procedures
Pilot/controller responsibilities
National security and intercept procedures
Emergency Procedures
General
Emergency services available to pilots
Distress and urgency procedures
Two-way radio communication failure
Aircraft rescue and firefighting communications
Safety of Flight
Meteorology
Altimeter setting procedure
Wake turbulence
National parks and forests
Potential flight hazards
Safety, accident, and hazard reports
Medical Facts for Pilots
Fitness for flight
Aeronautical Charts and Related Publications
Types of charts available
Helicopter Operations
Helicopter IFR Operations
Special Operations
Pilot/Controller Glossary
NTSB Part 830 NTSB stands for National Transportation Safety Board
Part 830 deals with aircraft accidents and reporting requirements
Subpart A
General
Applicability and Definitions
Subpart B
Notification of Aircraft Accidents and Incidents
Subpart C
Preservation of Wreckage and Records
Subpart D
Reports and Statements to be Filed
Advisory Circulars (AC)
Additional information circulars published by the FAA outside of the AIM.
They include categories such as:
Weather
Pilot Endorsements
Carburetor Icing
Aircraft Procedures
Inoperative Equipment
Icing
A full list of published Advisory Circulars can be found at the following link:
https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/
Airmen Certification Standards (ACS)
ACS stands for Airmen Certification Standards
The ACS sets forth the standards a pilot must perform to in order to achieve a certain license or rating.
A link to the Private Pilot ACS can be found here:
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs/media/private_airplane_acs_6A.pdf
A link to the Commercial Pilot ACS can be found here:
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/acs/media/commercial_airplane_acs.pdf
A link to the Flight Instructor PTS can be found here:
https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards/media/FAA-S-8081-6D.pdf
Sections of the ACS
The first notable section of the ACS is the revision history.
The table of contents and introductions.
The required tasks for the practical exam.
The ground knowledge
The preflight knowledge
Airport Ops
The flight maneuvers
Test procedures and tips
Practical test checklist
Additional rating task table
Contents of each ACS task:
Each ACS task will contain the contents seen depicted here:
The name of the task
FAA publication references
The objective of the task
The knowledge associated with the task
The skills associated with the task
The applicable risk management areas
Additional Rating Task Table:
Example:
A pilot, who currently holds a PPL AMEL Certificate, wants a PPL ASEL addition.
All the tasks listed under AMEL for each Area of Operation, are what will be required on the Practical Test.
It is important that flight students know how to use the ACS prior to their practical exam and that they are able to perform all maneuvers and ground knowledge to a minimum of the levels listed within.
The Pilot Operating Handbook (POH)
The POH contains all of the necessary information for a pilot to safely operate a particular aircraft.
The POH must be on-board the aircraft for every flight. See below FAR reference:
https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=14:2.0.1.3.10#se14.2.91_19
Every POH is Organized in a Similar Format
Section 1 = General
Measurements, descriptive data, standard weights, terminology, etc.
Section 2 = Limitations
Airspeed limitations, powerplant limitations, weight limitations, fuel limitations, etc.
Section 3 = Emergency Procedures
Checklists to follow for varying emergency situations.
Section 4 = Normal Procedures
Checklists to follow for normal operating procedures.
Section 5 = Performance
Charts used for aircraft performance calculations.
Section 6 = Weight and Balance
Weight and balance procedures and graphs.
Section 7 = Aircraft Systems
Description of aircraft systems and their proper use.
Section 8 = Handling, Service, and Maintenance
Section 9 = Supplemental Data
Optional system descriptions and operating procedures.
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (PHAK) Chapters include: Chapter 1: Introduction to Flying
Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making
Chapter 3: Aircraft Construction
Chapter 4: Principles of Flight
Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight
Chapter 6: Flight Controls
Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems
Chapter 8: Flight Instruments
Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents
Chapter 10: Weight and Balance
Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance
Chapter 12: Weather Theory
Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services
Chapter 14: Airport Operations
Chapter 15: Airspace
Chapter 16: Navigation
Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors
Airplane Flying Handbook (AFH) Chapters Include: Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training
Chapter 2: Ground Operations
Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers
Chapter 4: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training
Chapter 5: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs
Chapter 6: Ground Reference Maneuvers
Chapter 7: Airport Traffic Patterns
Chapter 8: Approaches and Landings
Chapter 9: Performance Maneuvers
Chapter 10: Night Operations
Chapter 11: Transition to Complex Airplanes
Chapter 12: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes
Chapter 13: Transition to Tailwheel Airplanes
Chapter 14: Transition to Turbopropeller-Powered Airplanes
Chapter 15: Transition to Jet-Powered Airplanes
Chapter 16: Transition to Light Sport Airplanes
Chapter 17: Emergency Procedures
Risk Management Handbook Chapters Include: Chapter 1: Defining Elements of Risk Management
Chapter 2: Human Behavior
Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards and Mitigating Risk
Chapter 4: Assessing Risk
Chapter 5: Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
Chapter 6: Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)
Chapter 7: Automation
Chapter 8: Risk Management Training
Weight and Balance Handbook
Chapters Include:
Chapter 1: Weight and Balance Control
Chapter 2: Weight and Balance Theory
Chapter 3: Weighing Aircraft and Determining Empty Weight Center of Gravity
Chapter 4: Light Sport Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
Chapter 5: Single Engine Aircraft Weight and Balance Computations
Chapter 6: Multi Engine Aircraft Weight and Balance Computations
Chapter 7: Center of Gravity Change after a Repair or Alteration
Chapter 8: Weight and Balance Control - Helicopter
Chapter 9: Weight and Balance Control - Commuter Category and Large Aircraft
Chapter 10: Use of Computer for Weight and Balance Computations
FAA Sources Used for this Lesson
FAR/AIM
NTSB 830
FAA Advisory Circulars
Airmen Certification Standards (ACS)
Pilot Operating Handbook (POH)
Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (PHAK)
Airplane Flying Handbook (AFH)
Risk Management Handbook
Weight and Balance Handbook