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Military Training Routes (MTRs) in Aviation

When flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR), general aviation pilots must be aware of more than just controlled airspace, airports, and weather conditions. One critical safety consideration is the presence of Military Training Routes (MTRs). These routes are established by the Department of Defense (DoD) in coordination with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to allow military aircraft to practice high-speed, low-level navigation and tactical maneuvers in the National Airspace System (NAS).



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What Are Military Training Routes?

Military Training Routes (MTRs) are specific corridors of airspace used by military aircraft for training operations. These routes enable military pilots to practice realistic scenarios that replicate combat environments, including flying at low altitudes and at high speeds.


Unlike standard civilian traffic, military aircraft on MTRs often operate:

  • Below 10,000 feet MSL

  • At speeds greater than 250 knots (which is normally prohibited for civilian aircraft below 10,000 feet)


This creates unique risks for general aviation pilots who may be operating in the same airspace.


Types of Military Training Routes

MTRs are classified into two main categories: IR routes and VR routes.

  1. IR Routes (Instrument Routes):

    • Used when at least one portion of the route is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

    • Military aircraft may be in contact with Air Traffic Control (ATC) while flying along the route.

  2. VR Routes (VFR Routes):

    • Used when operations are conducted entirely under Visual Flight Rules (VFR).

    • Pilots rely on see-and-avoid principles rather than ATC separation.


Both IR and VR routes are further identified by the number of digits in the route designation:

  • Four-digit routes (e.g., VR1206): Routes flown below 1,500 feet AGL.

  • Three-digit routes (e.g., IR210): Routes flown at or above 1,500 feet AGL.


This numbering system gives civilian pilots a quick reference to anticipate the altitude of military activity.


Depiction on Aeronautical Charts

MTRs are shown on VFR sectional charts and IFR enroute charts. They appear as gray lines with route identifiers such as IR210 or VR1206. Pilots can use these charts to identify where training activity might occur and plan accordingly.


Additionally, times of use are often listed in publications like the Chart Supplement U.S. or by contacting the controlling agency. Since military operations may not always be continuous, checking the route’s activity status before flight adds an extra layer of safety.


Hazards to Civilian Pilots

Civilian aircraft flying near or across an MTR should be aware of potential hazards:

  • High closure rates: With military jets flying at speeds exceeding 400 knots, reaction time to avoid a midair collision is minimal.

  • Low altitudes: Aircraft may appear suddenly over ridges, valleys, or other terrain features.

  • Unpredictable maneuvers: Military aircraft may be performing abrupt climbs, turns, or tactical maneuvers not typical of civilian traffic.


Best Practices for Civilian Pilots

When flying near or across an MTR, pilots should:

  • Check NOTAMs and Chart Supplements for scheduled activity on MTRs.

  • Plan crossing angles carefully—cross the route at a 90-degree angle to minimize time in the corridor.

  • Maintain vigilant scanning techniques and use lights for visibility.

  • Monitor appropriate frequencies when available, and be alert for military traffic advisories.

  • Adjust altitude when possible to avoid likely MTR operating ranges.


Key Takeaways

  • Military Training Routes are designed for high-speed, low-level training operations by military aircraft.

  • They are categorized as IR (instrument) or VR (visual) and identified with three or four-digit numbers depending on altitude.

  • Civilian pilots must use heightened vigilance, proper planning, and awareness to safely operate around MTRs.


Conclusion

Military Training Routes are an essential part of the U.S. airspace system, enabling the armed forces to maintain readiness. For civilian aviators, knowledge of MTRs and the ability to identify them on charts is critical for avoiding potential hazards. By staying alert, checking publications, and practicing smart flying techniques, pilots can safely share the skies with military traffic. MTR awareness isn’t about avoidance—it’s about preparation and vigilance. With proper planning, general aviation and military operations can coexist smoothly, ensuring both safety and mission effectiveness.



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