THE TEACHING PROCESS
The Teaching Process Lesson by wifiCFI
Overview
To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the teaching process by describing:
Preparation of a lesson Organization of material Training and delivery methods Lecture method
Guided discussion method
Computer-assisted method
Demonstration-performance method
Drill and practice method
Problem based learning
Instruction aids and training technologies Preparation of a Lesson A determination of objectives and standards is necessary before any important instruction can be presented. Training objections and standards
There are 2 types of objections in aviation training:
Performance based
What needs to be done and exactly how it will be done in each lesson
Decision based
Allow for a more dynamic training environment and are ideally suited for scenario based trainings.
Standards are used to measure student skill and improvement
It is important to use the PTS (for standards) during aviation training.
Organization of Material Even the most knowledgeable instructor must organize his/her teaching material. Before the Lesson: Decide on the topic
Determine the amount of time for the lesson
Write an outline
Develop a flow
Avoid overloading the student
Rehearse the lesson
Set a positive tone for learning
During the Lesson: Grab their attention
Maintain eye contact
Make learning goals
Plan an activity
Progress smoothly through the lesson
Use time efficiently
Use multimedia
Break the lessons up with small tasks
Move around during the lesson
Give students time to answer questions
After the Lesson:
Plan an ending
Summarize the main points of the lesson
Have a final task for students to accomplish
Leave time for questions
Provide other resources for students
Be available to students after class
Critique your lesson: What went well? What could go better?
Organization of Material A few more techniques for organizing your material. Each technique is good for different situations and lessons.
Past to present
Simple to complex
Known to unknown
Most frequently used to least frequently used
Training Delivery Methods Lecture Method- in the lecture method the instructor delivers his message to students who are mostly silent participants. Good for introduction to new topics, large class sizes.
Discussion Method- this method integrates the lecture method with an open dialogue with students. First a short lecture, then an open discussion.
Good for personalization and smaller class sizes.
Guided Discussion Method- this method is a discussion guided by questioning. The student must possess some knowledge of the subject for this method to be effective. Good for deeper understanding and one-on-one teaching environments.
Computer-Assisted Learning Method- using multimedia on the computer to teach aviation concepts. Good for mobility and versatility.
Demonstration-Performance Method- students observe the skill and then reproduce it to the best of their ability. Good for skill mastery.
Drill and Practice Method- connections are strengthened with practice. Pick a particular skill to work on and practice it multiple times. Good for attention to detail in one particular skill set.
Problem Based Learning
A method of teaching that is based in scenarios and requires in-depth discussion because the problem will have multiple correct answers. How to create effective PBL (problem based learning) scenarios: Relate them to the real world so students will want to solve the problem
Require students to make decisions
Are open-ended and have multiple correct answers
Are connected to known and unknown knowledge (old and new concepts)
Reflect lesson objectives
Challenge students to think critically
PBL’s can either be scenario or case study based.
Instructional Aids and Training Technologies
Studies agree that retention is higher when training is accompanied with instructional aids.
Effective instructional aids: Support the lesson objective
Are student centered
Build on previous learning
Appeal to students
Maintain student attention
Provide proper stimuli and reinforcement
Examples of instructional aids include: Chalk board or white board
Supplemental print material
FAA publications
Interactive CD’s and DVD’s
Short videos
Computer based training (videos, interactive activities, webinars)
Models, mock-ups, and cut-aways
FAA Sources Used in this Lesson Aviation Instructor’s Handbook